Skip to main content

Tuberculosis for lung disease ( Respiratory system )

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS 

TUBECULOSIS 

INTRODUCTION  :- 

-tuberculosis in caused by bacterial infection.

- the granuloma formation in infected lung tissue .

- tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis .

-the tuberculosis in reduce of the quality of life .

-the infected person breathing can be in air droplets from caugh  sneeze . 

                                      


DEFINITION:-

                             " tuberculosis (TB) is a contagius bacterial infection that involves the lungs,but also spread to other organs "

PATHOTHOLOGY :- 

  -due to etiological factors

                      !

-bacterial spread to lyphatic system to lymph node 

                       !

- intrate inflammatory  response 

                       !

-dead bacilli and live masses are surround by macrophages which from protective wall allound

                        !

-necrotizing occurs in tissue 

                        !

-pulmonary tuberculosis 

causes of TB :-

1) the main cause of TB is mycobacterium tuberculli 

2) clossed contact with infected person 

 ex -- sneezing , coughing

3) immunocompressive patient 

 ex -- transplant organ , cancer 

4) prolonged high dose  of  corticosteroid drug 

5) preventing medical condition

6) alcoholic patient 

7) inadequate health care 

TYPE OF TB :-

1)  pulmonary tuberculosis :-

-it occurse parenchyma cell or trachedrochial tree of lungs 

-it affect by alveoli ,brochioles 

2) extrapulmonary TB :- 

- it involve all organs 

-it include spleen , brain , kidneys 

-it is without lung affection 

SIGHS & SYMPTOMS :- 

- fever 

-chills 

-loss of appetite 

-mucoid or mucopurlent sputum 

-breething difficulty

-wheezing 

-weight loss 

-night sweats 

-swelling 

-pain when passing urine 

DIAGNOSTIC EGVALUATION :- 

- history collection 

-physical examination 

-TB skin test 

-chest x -ray 

-sputum test 

-blood test 

-MRI 

MANAGEMENT &TREATMENT :- 

-tuberculosis treatment primarily with chemotherapy agent ( antituberculosis agent ) 

1) first line drugs :- 

-streptomycin 

-isonazid  

-pyrazinamide 

-rifampicin 

-ethombutol 

2) second line drugs :- 

-amikacin 

-cycloserin

-thiacetazon 

-kanamycin 

-para-amino salicylic acid  

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Anatomy of liver ... ( digestive system)

  NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student Liver :- introduction ;- -liver is largest organ of abdominal organ. -the liver is a huge glondular organ belonging to the GI system. -it is largest gland in the body  -receives blood 25% of cardiac output. -in the late fetus in which it also serves as a hematopoietic organ. anatomic and nonanatomic factors :-    1) anatomic --     -inferior vena cava      -suprahepatic veins      -several ligaments such as the round ligament and coronary ligament.     -peritoneal folds        2) non-anatomic :-     -positive intraabdominal pressure                                                                             ...
Post a Comment
Read more

anatomy of kidney (kidney ) urinary system notes

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student   kedneys  :- introduction :- -the kidney are reddish organ shaped like kidney beans shaped . -the are located in thea above the betwwen the peritoneum wall of the abdomen . - since their position is behind the peritoneum of the abdomen cavity they are said retroperitoneal. -the paired kidney are on either side of vertebral column below diaphragm. -urine flows from kidney into ureters which empty into bladder.                                                                                                relations of kidneys :- superiorly :- right adrenal gland. anteriorly :- right lobe of liver , second part of the duodenum. posteriorly :- posterior abdomi...
Post a Comment
Read more

Anatomy of urinary bladder in urinary system

 URINARY BLADDER :- introduction :-  -it is a muscular reservoir of urine present in the true pelvic behind pubic symphysis. -it lies between pubic symphysis and rectum in male and between pubic symphysis and uterus in female . -full bladder comes in abdomen above the pubic symphysis . location and shape :-  -the urinary bladder is situated in the anterior part of the behind the pelvic immediately behind the pubic symphysis and in front of rectum in male uterus in the female . shape :- -it is pear shaped structure having thick muscular wall linked by transitional epithelium that allow expansion.                                                               capacity :- -normally in adult male the capacity various from 120 to 320 ml . - the mean capacity is about 220 ml . relations bladder   :- 1) superior surfa...
Post a Comment
Read more