NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS
TUBECULOSIS
-tuberculosis in caused by bacterial infection.
- the granuloma formation in infected lung tissue .
- tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis .
-the tuberculosis in reduce of the quality of life .
-the infected person breathing can be in air droplets from caugh sneeze .
DEFINITION:-
" tuberculosis (TB) is a contagius bacterial infection that involves the lungs,but also spread to other organs "
PATHOTHOLOGY :-
-due to etiological factors
!
-bacterial spread to lyphatic system to lymph node
!
- intrate inflammatory response
!
-dead bacilli and live masses are surround by macrophages which from protective wall allound
!
-necrotizing occurs in tissue
!
-pulmonary tuberculosis
causes of TB :-
1) the main cause of TB is mycobacterium tuberculli
2) clossed contact with infected person
ex -- sneezing , coughing
3) immunocompressive patient
ex -- transplant organ , cancer
4) prolonged high dose of corticosteroid drug
5) preventing medical condition
6) alcoholic patient
7) inadequate health care
TYPE OF TB :-
1) pulmonary tuberculosis :-
-it occurse parenchyma cell or trachedrochial tree of lungs
-it affect by alveoli ,brochioles
2) extrapulmonary TB :-
- it involve all organs
-it include spleen , brain , kidneys
-it is without lung affection
SIGHS & SYMPTOMS :-
- fever
-chills
-loss of appetite
-mucoid or mucopurlent sputum
-breething difficulty
-wheezing
-weight loss
-night sweats
-swelling
-pain when passing urine
DIAGNOSTIC EGVALUATION :-
- history collection
-physical examination
-TB skin test
-chest x -ray
-sputum test
-blood test
-MRI
MANAGEMENT &TREATMENT :-
-tuberculosis treatment primarily with chemotherapy agent ( antituberculosis agent )
1) first line drugs :-
-streptomycin
-isonazid
-pyrazinamide
-rifampicin
-ethombutol
2) second line drugs :-
-amikacin
-cycloserin
-thiacetazon
-kanamycin
-para-amino salicylic acid
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