Tuberculosis for lung disease ( Respiratory system )

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS

TUBECULOSIS

INTRODUCTION :-

-tuberculosis in caused by bacterial infection.

- the granuloma formation in infected lung tissue .

- tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis .

-the tuberculosis in reduce of the quality of life .

-the infected person breathing can be in air droplets from caugh sneeze .

DEFINITION:-

" tuberculosis (TB) is a contagius bacterial infection that involves the lungs,but also spread to other organs "

PATHOTHOLOGY :-

-due to etiological factors

-bacterial spread to lyphatic system to lymph node

- intrate inflammatory response

-dead bacilli and live masses are surround by macrophages which from protective wall allound

-necrotizing occurs in tissue

-pulmonary tuberculosis

causes of TB :-

1) the main cause of TB is mycobacterium tuberculli

2) clossed contact with infected person

ex -- sneezing , coughing

3) immunocompressive patient

ex -- transplant organ , cancer

4) prolonged high dose of corticosteroid drug

5) preventing medical condition

6) alcoholic patient

7) inadequate health care

TYPE OF TB :-

1) pulmonary tuberculosis :-

-it occurse parenchyma cell or trachedrochial tree of lungs

-it affect by alveoli ,brochioles

2) extrapulmonary TB :-

- it involve all organs

-it include spleen , brain , kidneys

-it is without lung affection

SIGHS & SYMPTOMS :-

- fever

-chills

-loss of appetite

-mucoid or mucopurlent sputum

-breething difficulty

-wheezing

-weight loss

-night sweats

-swelling

-pain when passing urine

DIAGNOSTIC EGVALUATION :-

- history collection

-physical examination

-TB skin test

-chest x -ray

-sputum test

-blood test

-MRI

MANAGEMENT &TREATMENT :-

-tuberculosis treatment primarily with chemotherapy agent ( antituberculosis agent )

1) first line drugs :-

-streptomycin

-isonazid

-pyrazinamide

-rifampicin

-ethombutol

2) second line drugs :-

-amikacin

-cycloserin

-thiacetazon

-kanamycin

-para-amino salicylic acid

Comments

Anatomy for heart in ( cardiac system )

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student HEART :- Introduction :- -the heart is a hollow muscular organ that is pyramidal in shape. -it lies within the pericardium in the middle mediastinum . - it is connected at its base to the the great blood vessels. -the heart located in thorax betwwen 2 lungs . structure of heart :- - the heart is divided into the left and right side by partitions called septa (singular septum). -the interatrial septum separates the two upper chambers ,called atria . - the interventricular septum separates the two lower chambers ,called venticle. Relations of heart :- - superioly :- the aorta ,superior vena cava ,p artery and pulmonary vein. - inferioly - the diaphragm. - anterioly -the ribs and intercostal muscles . - posterioly - the esophagus ,trachea ,left and right brochus, descending aorta ,inferior vena cava and thoracic vertrbrae - laterioly :- the lun

anatomy of kidney (kidney ) urinary system notes

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student kedneys :- introduction :- -the kidney are reddish organ shaped like kidney beans shaped . -the are located in thea above the betwwen the peritoneum wall of the abdomen . - since their position is behind the peritoneum of the abdomen cavity they are said retroperitoneal. -the paired kidney are on either side of vertebral column below diaphragm. -urine flows from kidney into ureters which empty into bladder. relations of kidneys :- superiorly :- right adrenal gland. anteriorly :- right lobe of liver , second part of the duodenum. posteriorly :- posterior abdominal wall muscles . Part of the kidney:- 1) Renal cortex :- outer regions most of nephron structure . 2) renal medulla :- inside the cortex contains inner collecting ducts . 3) renal pelvic -basin :- continuous with ureter .s 4) renal co

Anatomy for cell in human body cell

NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student C ell:- -all living things are composed of cell . -a single cell is a smallest unit that has the characteristics of the life . -cell is the basic structure & functional unit of the body . structure of cell :- -the cell is made up of three main part's :- 1) cell membrane 2) cytoplasm 3) nucleus cell membrane :- -cell membrane is a protective sheet that enveloping the cell body it is aslo known as plasa membrane or plasamalema . - it is made up by double leyar of phospholipids which is having a molecules of sugar and protein. -this membrane seprate the fluid outside of the cell fluid ( ECF) and fluid present inside the the cell called as intra cellular fluid ( ICF ) - this membrane is semipermeable membrane so there is free exchage of cartan subtance between ICF to ECF . -the thickness of the cell membrane is is 75 to 111 amphere . composion of cell

Notes Nursing & Medical students

Search This Blog