Anatomy of liver ... ( digestive system)

 NOTES NURSING & MEDICAL STUDENTS Notes for medical student and nursing student

Liver:-

introduction ;-

-liver is largest organ of abdominal organ.

-the liver is a huge glondular organ belonging to the GI system.

-it is largest gland in the body 

-receives blood 25% of cardiac output.

-in the late fetus in which it also serves as a hematopoietic organ.

anatomic and nonanatomic factors :-

   1) anatomic --

    -inferior vena cava 

    -suprahepatic veins 

    -several ligaments such as the round ligament and coronary ligament.

    -peritoneal folds  

     2) non-anatomic :-

    -positive intraabdominal pressure

                                           

                                                

lobes of the liver:-

-functonally,the liver is divided into two lobes.

1) left lobe -

2) right lobe-

  -this is by plane that passes through the gallblader fossa for the IVC cantlic's line

1)left lobe:-

-the functional left lobe inclide the crudate lobe ,quadrate lobe,

-the is separated from the caudate and quadrate lobes by the fissures for ligamentum teres 

and ligamentum venosum ,respectively,and on the diaphragmatic surfaces by the attachment

of the ligamentum teres.

2)right lobe:-

  - the second part of duodenun:--- form an impression on right side of fossa for gall bladder.

- right colic flexure:--- form a colic impression in front near inferior border .

- right kidney  :---anterior surfaces of it forms a renal impression lateral to duodenal impression & below bare area on posterior surface of right lobe 

visceral surface of the liver :-

 -this surface is directed inferioly ,posterioly and to the left .

 -it is separated from the diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver by the inferior border .

 -under the cover of the visceral surfaces are :--

   -1) the superior right portion of the anterior surfaces of the stomach ( body &pylorus )

   2) the superior part of the duodenum 

   3) the lesser omentum 

    4) theb gall -bladder 

    5) the right colic flexure ,transverse colon

    6) right kidney & suprarenal   

coronaray ligament:-

    - this is a reflection of peritoneum from the diaphragm to the liver superior and posterior

surfaces 

-it has upper and lower layer , which are continous at the right as the rught triangular ligament and enclose the area of the liver .

-to the left ,the upper layer becomes the right layer of the falciform,while the lower layer become the posterior layer of the left triangular ligament .

-the lower layer of the corenary ligament may reflect onto the upper pole of the right kidney 

(as the hepatorenal ligament ) instead of the diaphragm.

 blood suppy of liver :-

1)  the blood vessels coronary blood to the liver are the heptic artery (30%) a branch of celiac trunk ,and portal vein (70%)

2) the hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to the liver.

3) the portal vein brings venous blood rich ina the product of digestion ,which have been

absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

function of the liver:-

1) metabolic function:- 

-liver actively participates incarbohydrates ,lipid ,proteins,mineral, and vitamin metabolism.

2)Excretory function:-

-bile pigments ,bile salts and cholesterol are excreted in bile into intestine.

3)protective function &detoxification :-

-kupffer cells of liver perform phagocytosis to eliminate foreign compounds.ammonia is 

detoxifild to urea and metabolism of xenobiotics .

4)Hematological function :-

- liver is also produces clotting factors like factor .fobrinogen involved in blood coagulation 

is also synthesized in liver.